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Phineas Gage was a 25 years old construction foreman who
lived in Vermont in the 1860s. While working on a railroad bed, he packed
powdered explosives into a hole in the ground, using tamping iron. The powder
heated and blew in his face. The tamping iron rebounded and pierced the top of
his skull, ravaging the frontal lobes.
In 1868, Harlow, his doctor, reported the changes to his personality following
the accident:
He became "fitful, irreverent, indulging at times in the grossest
profanity (which was not previously his customs), manifesting but little
deference to his fellows, impatient of restraint or advice when it conflicts
with his desires, at times pertinaciously obstinate
yet capricious and vacillating, devising many plans for future operation which
are no sooner arranged than they are abandoned in turn for others appearing
more feasible ... His mind was radically changed, so that his friends and
acquaintances said he was no longer Gage."
In other words, his brain injury turned him into a psychopathic narcissist.
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